City-Wide Modeling of Vehicle-to-Grid Economics to Understand Effects of Battery Performance

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a promising approach to solve the problem of grid-level intermittent supply and demand mismatch, caused due renewable energy resources, because it uses existing resource electric vehicle (EV) batteries as storage medium. EV battery design together with an impetus on profitability for participating owners pivotal V2G success. To better understand what device parameters are most important adoption, we model economics process under realistic conditions. Most previous studies that perform economic analysis, assume ideal driving conditions, use linear degradation models, or only consider ancillary services. Our accounts degradation, empirical charging efficiencies, randomness in commute behavior, historic hourly electricity prices six cities United States. We user behavior Bayesian optimization provide best-case scenario V2G. Across all cities, find rate efficiency factors determine users' profits. Surprisingly, cost thus cycling has little effect. These findings should help focus research figures merit reflect real usage economy.